amakuru

Uruhare rwainshundura:
Citrus nigiti kinini cyicyatsi kibisi kwisi.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko gukoresha inshundura zangiza udukoko bishobora kugabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko, ifasha mu iterambere ry’ubuhinzi bw’ibidukikije kandi ni bumwe mu buhanga bw’ingenzi muri gahunda yo kubyaza umusaruro umusaruro w’ubuhinzi udafite umwanda.Gutwikira udukoko birashobora gukoreshwa mu gukumira ubukonje, imvura, kugwa ku mbuto, udukoko n’inyoni, n'ibindi. Muri icyo gihe, birashobora kwemeza umusaruro n’ubwiza bw’imbuto kandi bikongera inyungu mu bukungu.Nkigisubizo, udukoko twangiza udukoko dushobora guhinduka uburyo bushya bwo guhinga ibiti byimbuto.
Igikorwa nyamukuru cyo gutwikira inshundura
1. Hagarika ibinyabuzima byo hanze
Ukurikije ubunini bwacyo, urushundura rwangiza udukoko rwo guhagarika ibinyabuzima by’amahanga rushobora kugira uruhare runini mu gukumira udukoko, inyoni n’imbeba byangiza imyaka.Mu myaka yashize, kubera ihinduka rya gahunda yo gutera no guhinga, kuvugurura amoko n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ubwoko, ikwirakwizwa n’ibyonnyi by’udukoko twa citrusi nabyo byarahindutse bikurikije.Haracyari udukoko twangiza, udukoko twinshi, isazi zera, aphide n'abacukura amababi.Mu myaka yashize, ibyangijwe na kanseri mu bice by’umusaruro w’amajyepfo byagiye byiyongera buhoro buhoro.
Ikoreshwa ry’udukoko twangiza udukoko ni imwe mu ngamba zingenzi zo gushyira mu bikorwa ubworozi bw'ingemwe zidafite virusi ya citrusi n'ibindi biti by'imbuto.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukurikirana no gukwirakwiza udukoko twanduye virusi nka citrus aphide na citrus psyllide, kugirango habeho umusaruro mwiza w’ingemwe zidafite virusi yibiti byimbuto.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko umubare wa psyllide, ibitagangurirwa bitukura hamwe n’abacukura amababi mu cyumba cya net ari muto cyane ugereranije no hanze yo hanze hashyizweho urushundura 40 rw’udukoko, byerekana ko urusobe rw’udukoko rushobora gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya umubare w'udukoko twangiza.
Ingaruka zo gukumira indwara ziterwa no kurwanya udukoko zigaragarira cyane cyane mu bwigunge bw’inzira zanduza virusi, umusaruro w’ibiyobyabwenge ndetse n’igitero cy’udukoko twangiza, kugira ngo tubuze neza kandi ugabanye isura n’ibyonnyi by’udukoko dukuze.Ku rugero runaka, irashobora kubuza ko habaho indwara zimwe na zimwe za bagiteri na fungal (nka anthracnose).Canker ni indwara yandura iri ku mwanya wa kabiri nyuma ya Huanglongbing mu gutera citrusi.Inzira zanduye zigabanyijemo ahanini umuyaga, imvura, kwanduza abantu nudukoko.Nkumwanya wigenga ugereranije, inshundura zudukoko ntizigabanya gusa ibihimbano Inshuro zanduza, kandi kubera ko inzira nyamukuru yo kwanduza udukoko dukuze twangiza udukoko twanduza virusi iri mu bwigunge, kwanduza virusi ya kanseri biragabanuka cyane.Ikigereranyo cyo kugereranya hagati y'urushundura n'umurima wafunguye cyerekanye ko kwandura indwara ya kanseri bitandukanye cyane na 80% hagati ya citrusi yatewe mu rushundura rw'udukoko hamwe n'ahantu hagenzurwa umurima udafite urushundura rwo kurwanya udukoko.
2. Kunoza ubushyuhe numucyo murusobe
Gupfukirana urushundura rwangiza udukoko birashobora kugabanya ubukana bwurumuri, guhindura ubushyuhe bwubutaka nubushyuhe bwikirere nubushuhe, kandi mugihe kimwe, birashobora kugabanya imvura igwa mucyumba cyurushundura, kugabanya umwuka wamazi mubyumba, no kugabanya guhinduranya amababi ya citrusi.Citrus ni igihingwa cyumuryango wa Rutaceae.Bikunda ikirere gishyushye kandi gifite ubuhehere kandi gifite ubukana bukabije.Nigiti gishyuha kandi gishyuha cyicyatsi kibisi.Gukura kwayo niterambere, indabyo n'imbuto bifitanye isano rya bugufi n’ibidukikije nkubushyuhe, izuba, ubushuhe, ubutaka, umuyaga, ubutumburuke nubutaka.bifitanye isano.Citrus ni igihingwa kibi kandi gifite uburyo bwinshi bwo guhuza n'izuba.Umucyo mwinshi ni 10,000-40.000 lx, kandi amasaha yizuba yumwaka ni amasaha 1.000-2,700, ashobora guhaza ibikenerwa bya citrusi.

Umucyo utatanye ni ingirakamaro mu kongera fotosintezeza, ariko urumuri rukomeye cyane ntirufasha gukura kwa citrusi, kandi biroroshye gutera gutwika imbuto n'amashami n'amababi.Nyuma yo gupfukirana urushundura rwangiza udukoko, ubushyuhe bwikirere bwimbere bwurushundura munsi yubwoko bwikirere bwari hejuru yubugenzuzi mugihe cyanditse.Nubwo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buri hasi mucyumba cya net bwari hejuru ugereranije n’ubugenzuzi, ubwiyongere ntibwagaragaye, byerekana ko ingaruka zo gupfundika inshundura z’udukoko ari nto.Muri icyo gihe, ukurikije ubuhehere, nyuma yo gupfundika urushundura rwangiza udukoko, ubuhehere bugereranije bw’umwuka wo mu nzu uri mu rushundura burenze ubw'ubugenzuzi, aho usanga ubuhehere buri hejuru mu gihe cy’imvura, ariko itandukaniro ni ntoya kandi kwiyongera ni bike.Nyuma yubushyuhe bugereranije mubyumba bya net byiyongereye, guhinduranya amababi ya citrus birashobora kugabanuka.Amazi agira ingaruka kumikurire yimbuto binyuze mumvura nubushuhe bugereranije.Iyo ibintu bidukikije ari byiza gukura kwimbuto no gutera imbere, ubwiza bwimbuto nibyiza.
3. Kwirinda Huanglongbing
Kugeza ubu, Huanglongbing yabaye indwara ikomeye yibasira iterambere n'imiterere y'inganda za citrusi ku isi.Mu Bushinwa bwo mu majyepfo, mbere y’iterambere rishya mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukumira no kugenzura Huanglongbing, kurwanya psyllide byari byarabaye ikintu gikomeye mu kugenzura ikwirakwizwa rya Huanglongbing bitewe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’akarere, uburyo bwo gucunga imirima, n’imiterere na ubuziranenge bw'abakozi bo mu cyaro.Psyllide niyo yonyine yanduza virusi ya Huanglongbing, bityo kwirinda no kugenzura psyllide ni ngombwa cyane.Indwara ya Citrus ifite kwandura indwara nyinshi (igipimo cyanduza indwara ya psyllide imwe ni 70% kugeza 80%), ubushobozi bwo kwimuka no kubyara vuba, kandi bwateje imbere kurwanya imiti yica udukoko twinshi… Gukoresha tekinoroji yo guhinga udukoko twangiza udukoko, It ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo gukumira no kugenzura Huanglongbing.
4. Kurinda guta imbuto
Mu ci ryo mu Bushinwa bwo mu majyepfo, hari ibiza byinshi by’ikirere nk’imvura n’imvura.Niba urushundura rwangiza udukoko rukoreshwa mu gupfuka, rushobora kugabanya igabanuka ryimbuto ryatewe ninkubi y'umuyaga, cyane cyane mugihe cyo guta imbuto za physiologique.Ingaruka zo gukumira igabanuka ryimbuto ziragaragara.Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Fan Shulei nabandi byerekanye ko kuvura gutwikira inshundura by’udukoko bishobora kongera cyane igipimo cy’imbuto z’ubucuruzi kandi bikagabanya cyane igabanuka ry’imbuto.
5, isoko yimisozi itangaje, kubungabunga citrus
Mu rushundura rwo kurwanya udukoko, isoko itangira hakiri kare, fenotipi ya orange yo mu bwoko bwa orange ni iminsi 5 kugeza kuri 7 mbere, kandi imbuto nshya ni iminsi 7 kugeza ku 10 mbere, kandi igihe cy’impinga kiratangaje, gishobora kongera umusaruro w’abahinzi b’imbuto kandi kora agaciro kari hejuru.Gupfukirana urushundura n'ikindi gice cya firime birashobora kongera ubushyuhe muri salo kugeza kuri 2 ° 3 ° C, kongera igihe cyo gutanga imbuto nshya, kumenya urutonde rwisoko rudasanzwe, no kwirinda igihombo kidakenewe kubera ibihe byimpera.
6, ubwugamo, butagira umuyaga
Urushundura rwangiza udukoko rufite inshundura ntoya nimbaraga nyinshi zubukanishi, bityo rukagira ingaruka nziza zo gukumira umuyaga n imvura yimvura.Mu musaruro, kubera umuyaga mwinshi, ibikoresho by'ibiti n'ibiti by'imbuto akenshi byogejwe.Gupfundikanya inshundura 25 meshi birashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wumuyaga kuri 15% kugeza kuri 20%, kandi gukoresha mesh 30 bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko wumuyaga 20% kugeza kuri 25%.Urubura n'imvura nyinshi mu cyi bitera kwangiza ibiti byimbuto.Gupfukirana urushundura rwangiza udukoko birashobora kubuza urubura kutagira ibiti byimbuto kandi bikagabanya imbaraga zimvura.Nyuma yimvura yimvura, ikirere cyongeye izuba ryinshi, ubushyuhe burazamuka, nubushuhe bwibimera buringaniye cyane, akenshi bitera imizi yaboze.Urusobe rwangiza udukoko rushobora kwirinda ihinduka ryihuse ryubushyuhe bwa microclimate mu isuka kandi bikagabanya ingaruka zitaziguye z’imvura n’imvura.