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Umwana asinzira munsi ya ainzitiramubu.Mu bushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa, inshundura zavuwe na clofenapyr zagabanije ubwiyongere bwa malariya ku kigero cya 43% mu mwaka wa mbere na 37% mu mwaka wa kabiri ugereranije na neti ya pyrethroide gusa.Amafoto |Inyandiko
Abahanga bavuga ko ubwoko bushya bw'igitanda bushobora kwanduza imibu irwanya udukoko twica udukoko twagabanije cyane indwara ya malariya muri Tanzaniya.
Ugereranije inshundura zisanzwe za pyrethroide gusa, inshundura zagabanije cyane ubwandu bwa malariya, zigabanya umubare w’ubwandu bw’abana mu gice cya kabiri kandi zigabanya ibice by’amavuriro by’indwara ku kigero cya 44 ku ijana mu myaka ibiri imaze igeragezwa.
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara muri Werurwe muri The Lancet bubitangaza, bitandukanye n’udukoko twica imibu, inshundura nshya zituma imibu idashobora kwirwanaho, kwimuka cyangwa kuruma, iyicisha inzara.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi bwerekeye ingo zirenga 39.000 hamwe n’abana barenga 4.500 muri Tanzaniya, byagaragaye ko inshundura zimaze igihe kirekire zivura imiti yica udukoko, chlorfenapyr na chlorfenapyr LLIN, zagabanije malariya zagabanutseho 43% ugereranije n’urushundura rusanzwe rwa pyrethroide gusa , no kugabanuka kwa kabiri kwa 37%.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko clofenapyr yagabanije kandi imibu yanduye malariya yafashwe 85%.
Abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuga ko clofenapyr ikora mu buryo butandukanye na pyrethroide itera spasms mu mitsi ya pterygoid, ibuza imikorere yimitsi yo kuguruka.Ibyo bibuza imibu guhura cyangwa kuruma ababakiriye, amaherezo bikabaviramo gupfa.
Dr. Manisha Kulkarni, umwarimu wungirije mu ishuri ry’indwara ya Epidemiologiya ya kaminuza ya Ottawa, yagize ati: “Igikorwa cyacu cyo kongera clofenac ku rushundura rusanzwe rwa pyrethroide gifite imbaraga nyinshi zo kurwanya malariya yanduza imibu irwanya ibiyobyabwenge muri Afurika cyane cyane 'gushingira' imibu.“Ubuzima rusange.
Ibinyuranye, inshundura zo kuryama zavuwe na piperonyl butoxide (PBO) kugirango zongere imbaraga za pyrethroide zagabanije kwandura malariya 27% mugihe cyamezi 12 yambere yikigereranyo, ariko nyuma yimyaka ibiri hakoreshejwe inshundura zisanzwe.
Urushundura rwa gatatu ruvuwe na pyrethroid na pyriproxyfen (imibu yabagore idafite imisemburo) nta ngaruka nini ziyongereye ugereranije ninshundura zisanzwe za pyrethroide. Impamvu ntisobanutse neza, ariko birashobora guterwa na pyriproxyfen idahagije isigaye kumurongo mugihe runaka.
Ati: “Nubwo bihenze cyane, igiciro kinini cya clofenazim LLIN cyuzuzwa no kuzigama kugabanya umubare w’indwara ya malariya isaba kuvurwa.Kubera iyo mpamvu, ingo n’imiryango ikwirakwiza inshundura za clofenazim birashoboka cyane ko igiciro rusange giteganijwe kuba gito. " imibu.
Ibyavuye mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi rya Kilimanjaro rya Gikristo, Ishuri ry’Ubuvuzi rya Londres ry’isuku n’ubuvuzi (LSHTM) na kaminuza ya Ottawa ni ikaze ku mugabane wa Afurika aho inshundura zisanzwe zidafite ubushobozi bwo kurinda abantu parasite.
Inzitiramubu zivura udukoko twafashije gukumira 68% by’indwara ya malariya muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara hagati ya 2000 na 2015. Mu myaka mike ishize, ariko, igabanuka ry’ibipimo bya malariya ryarahagaze cyangwa rihinduka mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe.
Abantu 627.000 bazize malariya mu 2020, ugereranije na 409.000 muri 2019, cyane cyane muri Afurika ndetse no ku bana.
Umwanditsi mukuru w'ubwo bushakashatsi, Dr Jacklin Mosha wo mu kigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ubushakashatsi mu by'ubuvuzi cya Tanzaniya yagize ati: "Ibi bisubizo bishimishije byerekana ko dufite ikindi gikoresho gifasha mu kurwanya malariya."
Iri tsinda ryavuze ko “inzitiramubu zidashobora kuguruka, zitaruma inzitiramubu,” zigurishwa nka “Interceptor® G2,” zishobora gutuma habaho kurwanya malariya muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara.
Icyakora, bavuga ko hakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi kugira ngo hamenyekane niba bishoboka kwaguka no gutanga ingamba zo guhangana n’ingamba zikenewe kugira ngo umusaruro ukorwe mu gihe kirekire.
Umwanditsi umwe witwa Natacha Protopopoff aragabisha ati: “Birasabwa kwitonda.” Kwiyongera kwinshi kwa pyrethroid LLIN mu myaka 10 kugeza kuri 20 ishize byatumye ikwirakwizwa rya pyrethroide ryihuta.Ikibazo gihari ubu ni ugukomeza gukora neza clofenazepam hifashishijwe ingamba zo gucunga neza ingamba. ”
Nibwambere mubigeragezo byinshi hamwe ninzitiramubu ya clofenapyr.Abandi bari muri Benin, Gana, Burkina Faso na Côte d'Ivoire.
Uturere twumutse kandi twumutse twibasiwe cyane n’umusaruro w’ibihingwa mu gihugu wagabanutseho 70%.